Matthew 5:31

Matthew 5:31

This verse quotes a traditional teaching about divorce: a man may divorce his wife by giving her a “bill of divorce.” In first-century Judaism, divorce practice varied, with some advocating easy dissolution and others holding to stricter standards. Jesus’ location of this teaching inside the Sermon on the Mount signals a renewal of moral seriousness in marriage. The following verses will deepen Jesus’ critique by addressing the heart issue behind divorce—the treatment of spouses and the seriousness of covenantal commitments. The “put away” language refers to initiating divorce rather than separation. This has social and legal significance in a culture where marriage carried communal and religious weight. The verse sets up Jesus’ deeper reform: the heart of the law requires steadfast fidelity and just, compassionate treatment of spouses.

The verse introduces a corrective to divorce-law laxity, underscoring covenant faithfulness as a core biblical value. It points to the dignity of marriage as a lifelong vocation and a picture of God’s steadfast love. It frames divorce not merely as a legal act but as a spiritual and relational rupture with implications for the vulnerable. The theological trajectory from this verse leads into Jesus’ broader call to mercy, reconciliation, and the integrity of promises.

In modern life, consider how we approach marriage and separation. If you’re facing marital strain, seek biblical counsel, pastoral guidance, and practical steps toward reconciliation or a respectful separation, prioritizing safety and care for all involved. For couples with differing views on divorce, the passage invites reflection on commitments, communication, and healing processes, including accountability, premarital or marital counseling, and faith-based resources. It’s a call to honor vows while recognizing real human brokenness.

Cross-References: Malachi 2:14-16; 1 Corinthians 7:10-16; Ephesians 5:25-33; Proverbs 5:18-19