Leviticus 23:19

Leviticus 23:19

This verse continues the liturgical sequence around sacrifices, specifying a sin offering (a kid of the goats) and two yearling lambs for a peace offering. The sin offering (for atonement) and the peace offering (fellowship with God) are distinct purposes within the ritual calendar. The goat for sin offered addresses impurity or violation, seeking cleansing and restoration. The two lambs for peace offerings symbolize communal fellowship with God and celebration of his blessing. In ancient Israel, guilt and peace offerings often accompanied vows, harvests, or missteps, articulating a rhythm of confession and thanksgiving. The precise wording reflects a well-ordered religious life where each act has meaning and function within the people’s relationship to Yahweh. The use of goats and lambs, common domesticated animals, shows accessibility in worship—God’s people could bring offerings that were fitting and attainable. The text sits within a larger sacrificial system intended to teach dependence on God, communal holiness, and the seriousness with which sin and reconciliation were treated.

The sin offering points to atonement—sin's problem requires substitutionary submission to divine justice. The peace offering, meanwhile, embodies reconciliation and fellowship; it’s a celebration of restored relationship, often shared with others in a feast. Together, they teach integrated worship: confession and communion, guilt addressed, gratitude expressed, relationships repaired. This foreshadows the broader biblical trajectory toward a fulfilled reconciliation in Christ, who satisfies both the demand for righteousness and the restoration of peace with God and neighbor. The verse underscores that worship is not only about personal piety but about communal life shaped by forgiveness and harmony. It also demonstrates God’s provision: even in a complex system, the offerings symbolize God’s initiative in making peace with his people.

Today, think of sin as relational rift rather than abstract guilt. This verse invites confession and reconciliation as ongoing practice. If you’ve wronged someone—family, friend, coworker—seek restoration, not just internal remorse; extend a peace-making gesture. Practically, identify one area where you need reconciliation and initiate a calm, honest conversation. The peace offering model encourages sharing time and resources with others, perhaps hosting a meal to celebrate restored relationships. The sin offering reminds us of accountability—owning mistakes, seeking forgiveness from God and others, and changing behavior. In worship settings, approach with humility, acknowledging missteps and affirming God’s mercy. Theologically, remember that Christ’s atonement fulfills these themes of cleansing and reconciliation, inviting us into deeper fellowship with God.

Cross-References: Leviticus 4:1-35; Leviticus 7:11-36; Leviticus 9:3-4; Hebrews 9:13-14; 1 John 1:9